Dr. Aleksandra Vladimirovna Smirnova studied Dentistry at the Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Russian Federation and graduated as MS in 1997. She completed an internship and clinical residency at the same University at the Department of Prosthodontic Dentistry and Materials Science with a course in adult orthodontics. She received her PhD degree at North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov in 2021. Now she works as an assistant to the Department of Dentistry of General Practice in the same university. She has published more than 30 research articles in different journals.